Realism:

Realism basically means increase the power relative to the other states. The world is dangerous place. The only certainty in the world is power. A powerful state will always be able to overcome the weaker competitors. Military power is only the most important and reliable form of power which is gains more and more to protect self.

In both countries they are acquire more and more power. Both the countries spend their 70 to 80 person budget for the army forces. For that money they are buying more technological weapons. When India got successful in his nuclear weapon it is danger for the Pakistan to survive in that region for that purpose Pakistan started his nuclear weapons and Pakistan success in making the nuclear weapons in 1998. These weapons give great power to both of the country to have a nuclear weapons. Both countries threaten each other. Pakistan and India fought 4 wars since 1947. India recent government have same logo in their election that they finish Pakistan in this region get their land back which make critical situation in both countries. Since 2013 India make much army attack on the Pakistan border. if both the countries want to make a peaceful atmosphere and want that their region will progress like other region that both of the country should spent that money on their education and human welfare and should support each other in their bad times and make a friendly atmosphere rather than making more and more weapons and wasting their money to threaten each other.

INSTITUTIONALISM:

Institutionalism as another to realism in International Relations. Institutionalism claims that stress should be located on worldwide governance and global governments as a way of clarifying global relationships. Institutionalism places stress on the role that shared goals show in the global organization and the ability of international organizations to get conditions to collaborate.

Institutionalism in Pakistan and India that rather than we keep fighting with each other. We waste our money to get more and more power. We stop our people to travel and make business with each other the only solution to make our land a peaceful place is that we should be co-operative with each other. We give a chance to our people to make trade and other business thing with our neighbour country. Since 1947 we are fighting with each other. We give a expression of hate and bad face of us to other country that we are not a peaceful countries. We should change this. We should create a friendly atmosphere in our region so that the other countries would make here and make their business and invest their money which is helpful not only for our people but also for our whole region.

Liberalism:

  Liberalism stresses that the wide-ranging draws among states have both made it difficult to describe national interest and reduced the practicality of military power. The fast increase in infrastructures technology and the increase in global skill destined that conditions could no longer depend on simple power politics to choose stuffs. Military power is not the only form of power. Financial and communal power matter a great deal too. Training financial power has established more effective than training armed power.

Liberalism change the world thought. Century ago countries were again more and more weapons to gain more power but now countries are focusing on social and economic power. Rather than frightening with each other countries are developing self to make their country a better place not for own people but also for the other people. Now Pakistan and India are also focusing on economic strengthen. Though trade between the two countries has augmented in the last pair of years, it is still far from reaching its likely and remains very weak to political variations. In 2012-13, trade between India and Pakistan equalled $2.4 billion, a portion of the total trade of the two countries. Trade was certainly one of the most solid solutions proposed for both countries. There are billions of people for the Pakistan business man in India and there are millions of people in Pakistan for the Indian business man. Moreover Pakistan is the gateway for the Indian trader. We give the way for the India to trade with other countries like Iran and Afghanistan.  So we should create a Friendly atmosphere for the both of the people in both countries. This could be happen if we open the border for the people in both countries. There would be no visa restriction or any other restrictions for the people how want to travel in both the countries like the way which is adopted in the European countries. There should be same produce for other countries people who want to invest their money in our country like the produce and easiness for our own people. This thing would not only empower our own country and make our country a develop country but this should also create a peaceful atmosphere in our region and erase the toughness of rigid atmosphere in our region  for the people of any other country who want to invest and want to make business in our country.

Bibliography: 

I have take help from here

                      Pakistan India Relations

I will start my discussion by quoting the saying:
                         “Only the dead can see the end of the war”-Plato

These remarks echoed the history of his time when the occurrence of war is too often. At that time the Throne belongs to the mighty ones. The state having more power might rule the other states. This leads to the theory of realism in which states constantly ensures that they have enough power to defend themselves and advance their material interests necessary for their survival.

REALISM:

Coming towards India-Pakistan relations, both the states are realists so far as they are born rivals. Both of the states fear each other’s invasion. Realists claim that survival is the principal goal of every state and foreign invasion is the most pressing threat that a state could face. Balance of power between the rivals is the main thought behind realism.

Both India and Pakistan are spending huge part of their whole budget on their defense. Pakistan is spending $4 billion while India is spending about $36 billion on their defense rather than on their people just because the fear of invasion. Realist thought that gaining power is the only solution for avoiding invasions and both India and Pakistan are doing the same , the only focus of both the countries is to gain power by one means or the other.

India tests its first nuclear weapon on May 18 1974 to show his power over Pakistan, after that Pakistan main focus was becoming a nuclear power because India as a nuclear power seems a threat to Pakistan, So on May 28 1998 Pakistan also launches its first nuclear weapon test at Chaghi-1.

Realists are of two types:

• ·          Defensive realists
• ·         Offensive realists

As far as Pakistan and India is concerned both countries are both offensive and defensive at the same time as per their policy.

The main tenants of offensive realists are:

·         Great powers are the main actors in world politics.

·         All states have some military capability.

·         Survival is their primary goal.

Pakistan and India are offensive realists in the sense that in order to ensure their survival they will seek to maximize their power to threaten each other. This theory also says that if the rival countries possess enough power, to threaten them it can never be safe. So both countries are seeking power to nullify the power one another.

On the other hand India and Pakistan are also act as the defensive realists as defensive realists though that War or Domination over other states is an unwise decision for state survival, they thought that this might lead their nation towards a dangerous conflict. Defensive realists believe in balance of power, where states have equal distribution of power to ensure that none will risk attacking another. Now war is not an option between India and Pakistan because both the countries possess nuclear warheads none of them want to be attacked by a nuclear weapon as this will lead towards total mass destruction.

Solution/Conclusion/Result:

India and Pakistan had faced two major wars 65’ and 71’ none of which prove good to each other but the destruction of their economy and the nation as well. Peace is the only solution to this problem, the resolution of some specific disputes did not lead to peace, and new disputes would arise in place of previous resolved ones. Indus river dispute is one of the main disputes among India and Pakistan at early stages and was resolved in 1960’s and many other disputes were resolved but none of them had any lasting impact on India Pakistan relations. By the early 90’s Kashmir dispute arises as the most important dispute between the two countries that has not been resolved till now. This suggests that specific disputes are only symptoms of deeper conflict between India and Pakistan. Many of the scholars think that political realism is convincing approach between rivals. Once France and UK are the bloody enmity and now have united under one flag, Likewise France and Germany fought brutal wars but now enjoy friendly relations under EU flag. In my point of view Pakistan and India should learn a lesson from china as china also has border dispute with china and most of the countries. China claims on Taiwan but never thought of physical interference despite of the fact that china is more powerful than Taiwan. Pakistan must focus on its economy. India must also should not dictate to other countries of south Asia. Our leaders of world political chess-board should believe in on the famous maxim

“There are no permanent friends or enemies in international politics but only permanent interests”.

Our priority should be rapid economic development as china has done, to raise the standard of living of our people. Today power belongs to the one having strong economy rather than having strong defense, Defense counts but now there is the era of economy. We should amend our past policies of allocating all the nation’s resources on defense and must concentrate on the economic development of our nation .